Maximizing Profits for Various Contract Types

 

Frequently I am asked how a Government contractor makes money on the various types of contracts.  Keep the formula [Profit = Revenue - Costs] in mind as you take a look at the table  below.

Changes in Revenue Relative to Changes in Costs
Contract Type Number of Hours / Units Direct Wage Rates Indirect Rates
Cost Plus Fixed Fee Proportional Proportional Proportional
Time & Materials Proportional No Effect No Effect
Fixed Price No Effect No Effect No Effect

The important thing to keep apparent is that if your costs of providing a product or service to the Government decreases, the effect on revenue varies with the contract type.  

Cost Plus Fixed Fee (CPFF) contracts:

  • Revenue decreases with decreases in any costs incurred. 

  • Fee percentage is fixed for the life of the contract.

  • Once the contract is in place, the only way to increase profit is to increase the contract value and costs incurred. Five percent of a million dollars is more than five percent of a thousand. 

Time and Material (T&M) contracts:

  • Revenue decreases with decreases in the number of hours delivered.

  • Reductions in the direct labor wage rates after contract signing, have no affect on level of revenue.

  • Reductions in the indirect rates after contract signing, have no affect on level of revenue.

  • Profit is maximized by negotiating a lower wage rate, minimizing indirect rates, and/or increasing the number of hours delivered.

Fixed Priced Contracts

  • Revenue remains constant in spite of decreases in hours incurred, wage rates, and/or indirect rates. 

  • Profits are maximized by delivering the required product or service while minimizing the hours incurred, wage rates, and indirect rates.

If you have plenty of experience delivering your product or service and have good project management tools, fixed priced contracts are the way to go. They provide the most mechanisms and opportunity for maximizing profits on Government contracts.  However, they also provide the most opportunity for loss.

For more information on maximizing profits on Government contracts, contact:


Kevin Duncan, CPA, MBA
K Duncan & Company
cpa@kduncan.com
301-608-3200 ext.201